1) The role of the judiciary is to interpret laws, resolve disputes, and ensure justice in accordance with legal principles and the constitution. It serves as a check on the executive and legislative branches of government.

2) The concept of compound interest can be attributed to the ancient Babylonians, who used it in their banking practices.

3) The concept of federalism involves the division of powers between a central government and regional or local governments, allowing for shared governance and autonomy for different levels of administration.

4) The world's first stock exchange was established in Amsterdam in 1602.