1) Democracy is a system of government in which power is vested in the people, who exercise it through elected representatives. It allows for political participation, freedom of speech, and protection of individual rights and liberties.

2) Chinese mythology, deeply intertwined with Chinese culture and history, includes deities such as the Jade Emperor, Guanyin, and the Monkey King (Sun Wukong). It incorporates elements of Taoism, Confucianism, and Buddhism and features legendary creatures like dragons, phoenixes, and Qilin.

3) The discovery of the Americas by Christopher Columbus in 1492 opened up new trade routes and had a profound impact on world history.

4) The world's largest species of shark, the whale shark, can reach lengths of up to 40 feet (12 meters) and weigh over 20 tons.